I-Aluminiyam (Al) sisinyithi esingeyontsimbi esinemichiza yayo yonke indawo ngokwendalo.Imithombo ye-aluminiyam kwi-plate tectonics imalunga ne-40-50 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni, ibeka indawo yesithathu kuphela emva kwe-oksijini kunye ne-silicon.Lolona hlobo luphezulu lwempahla yentsimbi kuhlobo lwemathiriyeli yesinyithi.I-Aluminiyam ineempawu ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali ze-organic kunye ne-physicochemical, ezingenakukhanya nje ngobunzima, kodwa zinamandla kwizinto eziphathekayo.Ikwanayo neplastiki elungileyo.I-conductivity yombane, ukutshintshwa kobushushu, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokumelana nemitha zezona zinto zisisiseko zophuhliso olukhawulezayo loluntu kunye noqoqosho.
I-Aluminiyam yeyona nto ininzi kakhulu yeekhemikhali emhlabeni, kwaye umxholo wayo ubeka kuqala phakathi kwezinto zentsimbi.Kwakungekho kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 apho i-aluminium yaba yinto ekhuphisanayo yesinyithi kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli, kwaye yaba yimfashini okwethutyana.Inkqubela phambili yamatyathanga amathathu angundoqo oshishino lweenqwelomoya, ubunjineli kunye nokwakhiwa, kunye nezithuthi zifuna ukungafani kwe-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys, enenzuzo kakhulu ekwenzeni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale ntsimbi-aluminiyam entsha.
Iintsimbi ze-aluminiyam luhlobo lwe-aluminium yensimbi.Ukunyibilikiswa kweentonga ze-aluminiyam kubandakanya ukunyibilika, ukucocwa kokucoca, ukususwa kokungcola, ukukhutshwa kwegesi, ukususwa kwe-slag kunye neenkqubo zokubumba.Ngokutsho kweekhemikhali eziqulethwe kwiintonga ze-aluminium, iintonga ze-aluminium zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezi-8.
Ngokwezinto zekhemikhali eziqulethwe kwiintonga ze-aluminium, iintonga ze-aluminium zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezi-8, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziimveliso ezili-9:
1.1000 series aluminiyam iintonga imele 1050.1060.1100 series.Phakathi kwazo zonke iimveliso zochungechunge, uluhlu lwe-1000 lololuhlu olunomxholo omkhulu we-aluminium.Ubunyulu bunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-99.00%.Ngenxa yokuba azikho ezinye izinto zobugcisa, inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula kwaye ixabiso lixabisa kakhulu.Lolona luhlu lusetyenziswa rhoqo lweemveliso kumashishini emveli kweli nqanaba.Ubuninzi bokuhamba kwimarike yokuthengisa yi-1050 kunye ne-1060 series.I-1000 yochungechunge lwe-aluminiyam lumisela ubuncinci bomxholo we-aluminium kolu luhlu lweemveliso ngokusekelwe kwizibalo ezi-2 zokugqibela.Ngokomzekelo, izibalo ezi-2 zokugqibela zemveliso ye-1050 ye-series yi-50. Ngokomgangatho wokumisa umfanekiso wehlabathi jikelele, umxholo we-aluminium kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwe-99.5%.Inkcazo yemigangatho ye-aluminium ye-aluminium ye-aluminium (GB/T3880-2006) ikwachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba umxholo we-aluminium we-1050 kufuneka ube yi-99.5%.Ngendlela efanayo, umxholo we-aluminium wezintonga ze-aluminium zeemveliso zechungechunge ze-1060 kufuneka zibe ngaphezu kwe-99.6%.
I-2.2000 ye-aluminium yochungechunge imele i-2A16 (16) .2A02 (6).I-2000 yochungechunge lwe-aluminium lunamandla amakhulu kunye nomxholo omkhulu wobhedu, malunga ne-3-5%.Iintsimbi ze-2000 ze-aluminium ze-aviation ye-aviation, engaqhelekanga kwimveliso yemveli yemveliso.
I-2024 sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sekhabhoni yensimbi ye-alloy kwiimveliso ze-aluminium-copper-magnesium series.Yinkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukuveliswa okulula kunye nokucutshungulwa, ukusika i-laser elula kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-aluminium ze-2024 ziphuculwe kakhulu emva kokunyanga ukushisa (T3, T4, T351).Iiparamitha zombuso we-T3 zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amandla acinezelayo 470MPa, amandla e-tensile 0.2% 325MPa, elongation: 10%, umda wokukhathala 105MPa, amandla 120HB.
Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kweentonga ze-aluminium ze-2024: isakhiwo senqwelomoya.Iibholithi.Iirimu zamavili omthwalo.Iinxalenye zepropeller yeenqwelomoya kunye nezinye iindawo.
3.3000 series imveliso aluminiyam intonga ummeli osemqoka 3003.3A21.Kwilizwe lam, inkqubo yokuvelisa iintonga ze-aluminium ze-3000 zeemveliso zechungechunge zikumgangatho ophezulu.Iintonga ze-aluminiyam ze-3000 zechungechunge zenziwa ikakhulu ngamanganese.Umxholo uphakathi kwe-1.0-1.5, eluhlu lweemveliso zonyango ezichasene ne-rust.
4. Iintlobo ze-4000 ze-aluminium ze-aluminium zimela i-4A014000 i-aluminium series rods, ezizezoluhlu lweemveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu we-silicon.Ngokuqhelekileyo umxholo we-silicon uphakathi kwe-4.5-6.0%.Ibalelwa kwizinto zokwakha zokuhombisa, iinxalenye zoomatshini, izinto zokubumba izinto ezikrwada, izixhobo zokuwelda;indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, inkcazo yemveliso: ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Iintlobo ze-aluminium ze-5.5000 zimele i-5052.5005.5083.5A05 series.5000 series aluminiyam iintonga zezemveliso eqhelekileyo ingxubevange aluminiyam intonga series, element engundoqo magnesium, kunye nomxholo magnesium phakathi 3-5%.Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-aluminium-magnesium alloy.Iimpawu zayo eziphambili kukuxinana okuncinci, amandla aphezulu oxinzelelo kunye nobude obuphezulu.Kwindawo enye, ubunzima obunetha be-aluminium-magnesium alloys buncinci kunolunye uchungechunge lweemveliso, kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini emveli.China 5000 series aluminiyam intonga yenye yeemveliso olupheleleyo aluminiyam intonga series.
I-6.6000 yochungechunge lwe-aluminium lubonisa i-6061.6063 engundoqo kunye nezinto ezimbini ze-magnesium kunye ne-silicon, egxininisa inzuzo yeemveliso ze-4000 kunye ne-5000 series.I-6061 yimveliso eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam ebandayo eneemfuno eziphezulu zokuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokunciphisa.Ukusebenziseka ngokulula, ukutyabeka okulula, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
I-6061 ipleyiti ye-aluminiyam kufuneka ibe namandla athile oxinzelelo.Ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, njengokwenziwa kweelori, ukwakhiwa kwenqaba, iinqanawa, iitram, ifenitshala, iinxalenye zoomatshini, ukuchaneka komatshini, njl.
6063 ipleyiti aluminiyam.Ubunjineli kunye neeprofayili ze-aluminium zokwakha (olu luhlu lweemveliso lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifestile ze-aluminium kunye neengcango ze-alloy), imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela kunye neemoto.Amaqonga eNdibano.Ifenitshala.Guardrails kunye nezinye extrusion imathiriyeli ekrwada.
Iintsimbi ze-7.7000 ze-aluminium zimele i-7075 yentsimbi engundoqo.Ikwawela phantsi kosapho lweemveliso zeAirline.Yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-alloy yobhedu, i-alloy yenkqubo yokushisa ukushisa kunye ne-super carbon tool steel alloy.Inokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle.Uninzi lwazo luvela kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye inkqubo yemveliso kwilizwe lethu kufuneka iphuculwe.
8. I-8000 yochungechunge lwe-aluminium luxhaphake kakhulu, i-8011 yezinye iimveliso zochungechunge, ezisetyenziselwa iplatinamu ye-aluminium, kwaye ukuveliswa kweentonga ze-aluminium akuqhelekanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-23-2022